AP Human Geography Review Jeopardy

The number of people per unit of arable land is this type of population density.

What is physiological density?

This bar graph shows a population's structure by age and sex.

What is a population pyramid?

A total fertility rate of about 2.1 children per woman, which keeps a population stable, is called this.

What is replacement-level fertility?

War, famine and persecution are examples of these, which drive migrants away from a place.

What are push factors?

This English economist warned in 1798 that population would outgrow the food supply.

Who is Thomas Malthus?

The place where a cultural trait originates is called this.

What is a hearth?

Diffusion that spreads from large, well-connected places down to smaller ones is this type.

What is hierarchical diffusion?

English, Hindi, Spanish and Russian all belong to this language family, the world's largest by number of speakers.

What is Indo-European?

Religions such as Christianity, Islam and Buddhism that actively seek converts are classified as these.

What are universalizing religions?

This simplified trade language becomes a creole once children learn it as their native tongue.

What is a pidgin?

A state whose borders closely match the territory of a single nation is called this.

What is a nation-state?

Drawing electoral district boundaries to favor one party is called this.

What is gerrymandering?

Lesotho, completely surrounded by South Africa, is an example of this kind of state.

What is an enclave?

Long, narrow Chile is the classic example of this state shape.

What is an elongated state?

This theory, set out by Halford Mackinder in 1904, held that whoever controls the pivot area of Eurasia could dominate the world.

What is the heartland theory?

This mid-twentieth-century spread of high-yield seeds, fertilizers and irrigation raised crop output in many developing countries.

What is the Green Revolution?

Farming mainly to feed one's own family rather than to sell is called this.

What is subsistence agriculture?

This 1826 model places dairying and market gardening closest to the city and ranching farthest away.

What is the von Thunen model?

Also called slash-and-burn, this farming clears a patch of forest, uses it for a few years, then moves on.

What is shifting cultivation?

Large tropical estates growing cash crops such as coffee or sugarcane for export practice this kind of agriculture.

What is plantation agriculture?

A city more than twice as large as the next largest city in its country is called this.

What is a primate city?

This model, published by Ernest Burgess in 1925, arranges a city in rings around the central business district.

What is the concentric zone model?

This model by Homer Hoyt arranges urban land uses in wedges extending out along transportation routes.

What is the sector model?

This model by Harris and Ullman says a city grows around several separate centers of activity.

What is the multiple nuclei model?

This theory by Walter Christaller explains the size and spacing of settlements using range and threshold.

What is central place theory?

The total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year is measured by this.

What is gross domestic product?

This UN index combines life expectancy, education and income into a single score.

What is the Human Development Index?

This theory by Immanuel Wallerstein divides the world economy into core, semi-periphery and periphery.

What is world-systems theory?

Rostow's model of economic growth ends with this fifth stage.

What is high mass consumption?

These factories on the Mexican side of the US border assemble imported parts into goods for export.

What are maquiladoras?