AP Chemistry Review Jeopardy

This subatomic particle, found in the nucleus, carries a positive charge and determines an element's identity.

What is a proton?

This principle states that no two electrons in the same atom can have identical sets of four quantum numbers.

What is the Pauli exclusion principle?

This rule states that electrons fill degenerate orbitals singly before any orbital gets a second electron.

What is Hund's rule?

This property, increasing left to right and decreasing down a group, measures an atom's pull on electrons in a chemical bond.

What is electronegativity?

This principle states that electrons occupy the lowest-energy orbitals available before filling higher-energy ones.

What is the Aufbau principle?

This type of bond forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

What is a covalent bond?

This type of bond forms through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

What is an ionic bond?

This model predicts molecular shape by minimizing repulsion between electron domains around a central atom.

What is VSEPR theory?

This unusually strong dipole-dipole force arises when hydrogen bonds directly to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.

What is hydrogen bonding?

This weak intermolecular force, present in all molecules, arises from temporary shifts in electron distribution.

What are London dispersion forces?

This unit represents 6.022 times ten to the twenty-third particles of a substance.

What is a mole?

In a chemical reaction, this reactant is entirely consumed first and limits the amount of product formed.

What is the limiting reactant?

This law states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, requiring balanced equations.

What is the law of conservation of mass?

This value expresses the actual yield of a reaction as a percentage of the theoretical yield.

What is percent yield?

This ratio, taken from the coefficients in a balanced equation, converts moles of one substance to moles of another.

What is a mole ratio?

This branch of chemistry studies the speed of chemical reactions and the factors that affect it.

What is chemical kinetics?

This term describes the minimum energy that colliding particles must have for a reaction to occur.

What is activation energy?

This equation expresses how reaction rate depends on the concentrations of reactants raised to experimentally determined powers.

What is the rate law?

This substance speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy without being consumed itself.

What is a catalyst?

This step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions describes how reactants actually convert into products.

What is the reaction mechanism?

This principle predicts that a system at equilibrium shifts to counteract an applied stress such as added reactant.

What is Le Chatelier's principle?

This constant measures the strength of a weak acid in solution.

What is the acid dissociation constant?

This scale, running roughly from 0 to 14, measures the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

What is the pH scale?

This type of solution resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added, typically made from a weak acid and its conjugate base.

What is a buffer?

This equation relates the pH of a buffer to the pKa of the weak acid and the ratio of conjugate base to acid concentrations.

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

This state function measures the total heat content of a system at constant pressure.

What is enthalpy?

This state function measures the degree of disorder or randomness in a system.

What is entropy?

This type of electrochemical cell uses a spontaneous redox reaction to generate electrical current.

What is a galvanic cell?

In an electrochemical cell, this electrode is where oxidation takes place.

What is the anode?

This law states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant, though it may change form.

What is the first law of thermodynamics?