Volcanoes and Earthquakes Jeopardy

This thin, rocky outer layer of Earth is the one we live on.

What is the crust?

This thickest layer of Earth lies between the crust and the core.

What is the mantle?

Made mostly of iron and nickel, this layer of Earth is liquid metal.

What is the outer core?

Though it is the hottest layer, this center of Earth stays solid because of enormous pressure.

What is the inner core?

The crust and the rigid top of the mantle together form this rocky layer, broken into tectonic plates.

What is the lithosphere?

At this type of boundary, two plates move apart from each other.

What is a divergent boundary?

At this type of boundary, two plates push toward each other.

What is a convergent boundary?

At this type of boundary, like California's San Andreas, two plates slide past each other sideways.

What is a transform boundary?

This process happens when a denser plate sinks beneath another plate into the mantle.

What is subduction?

The Himalayas rose where the plate carrying this country collided with the Eurasian plate.

What is India?

Melted rock beneath Earth's surface is called this.

What is magma?

Once melted rock pours out onto Earth's surface, it is called this.

What is lava?

This bowl-shaped opening sits at the top of many volcanoes.

What is a crater?

Also called a composite volcano, this tall, steep cone like Mount Fuji is built from alternating layers of ash and hardened flows.

What is a stratovolcano?

Hawaii's Mauna Loa is this broad, gently sloping type of volcano, built up by many thin, runny flows.

What is a shield volcano?

A crack in Earth's crust where blocks of rock move past each other is called this.

What is a fault?

A series of giant ocean waves set off by an undersea earthquake is called this.

What is a tsunami?

This is the point on Earth's surface directly above where an earthquake begins.

What is the epicenter?

Smaller quakes that follow a large earthquake in the same area are called these.

What are aftershocks?

Also called the hypocenter, this is the point underground where an earthquake actually starts.

What is the focus?

This instrument records the shaking of the ground during an earthquake.

What is a seismograph?

Scientists who study earthquakes and the waves they send through Earth are called this.

What are seismologists?

The fastest seismic waves, these arrive first and can travel through solids, liquids and gases.

What are P waves?

These seismic waves arrive second and cannot pass through liquid, which showed scientists that part of Earth's core is liquid.

What are S waves?

Scientists now use this scale, not the older Richter scale, to report the size of large earthquakes.

What is the moment magnitude scale?

In 79 AD, this volcano buried the Roman city of Pompeii in ash.

What is Mount Vesuvius?

This volcano in Washington State erupted in 1980, blasting away its north side.

What is Mount St. Helens?

This Indonesian volcano's 1883 eruption made one of the loudest sounds in recorded history.

What is Krakatoa?

The 1815 eruption of this Indonesian volcano led to 1816's Year Without a Summer.

What is Mount Tambora?

This Icelandic volcano's 2010 eruption sent up an ash cloud that shut down air travel across much of Europe.

What is Eyjafjallajökull?