AP Psychology Review Jeopardy

This type of study observes subjects in their natural environment without manipulating any variables.

What is a naturalistic observation?

This research method deliberately manipulates an independent variable to determine its effect on a dependent variable.

What is an experiment?

This statistical measure, ranging from negative one to positive one, describes the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables without implying causation.

What is a correlation coefficient?

This research bias occurs when a researcher's expectations unintentionally influence the outcome or interpretation of a study.

What is experimenter bias?

This ethical safeguard requires researchers to fully explain any deception and address possible harm after a study concludes.

What is debriefing?

This basic building block of the nervous system transmits electrical and chemical signals.

What is a neuron?

This chemical messenger crosses the synaptic gap to carry signals from one neuron to the next.

What is a neurotransmitter?

This brain structure, shaped like a seahorse, plays a central role in forming new long-term memories.

What is the hippocampus?

This division of the nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight by increasing heart rate and releasing adrenaline.

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

This brain-imaging technique tracks blood flow and oxygen use to show which brain areas are active during a task.

What is fMRI?

This form of learning, demonstrated with dogs, pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus until it triggers a similar response alone.

What is classical conditioning?

This type of learning uses reinforcement and punishment to shape voluntary behavior.

What is operant conditioning?

This schedule of reinforcement, which produces the steadiest responding most resistant to extinction, rewards behavior after an unpredictable number of responses.

What is a variable ratio schedule?

This researcher's Bobo doll experiments demonstrated that children learn aggressive behavior by observing and imitating models.

Who is Albert Bandura?

This process occurs when a conditioned response weakens and eventually disappears after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

What is extinction?

This type of memory holds a small amount of information for only a few seconds unless it is rehearsed.

What is short-term memory?

This memory process involves converting sensory information into a form the brain can store.

What is encoding?

This memory phenomenon describes the tendency to recall items at the beginning and end of a list better than those in the middle.

What is the serial position effect?

This mental shortcut estimates the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind.

What is the availability heuristic?

This type of memory loss involves the inability to form new memories after the onset of injury or disease.

What is anterograde amnesia?

This researcher proposed that children move through four stages of cognitive development, from sensorimotor to formal operational.

Who is Jean Piaget?

This attachment style, in which infants are distressed when a caregiver leaves but comforted quickly upon return, is considered the healthiest pattern.

What is secure attachment?

This researcher's stage theory proposes eight crises of psychosocial development spanning the entire lifespan, such as trust versus mistrust.

Who is Erik Erikson?

This term describes an infant's inborn tendency to form a close emotional bond with a primary caregiver.

What is attachment?

This researcher proposed a theory of moral development featuring preconventional, conventional, and postconventional stages.

Who is Lawrence Kohlberg?

This mood disorder is marked by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and low energy lasting at least two weeks.

What is major depressive disorder?

This anxiety disorder involves recurrent, unexpected panic attacks along with persistent fear of future attacks.

What is panic disorder?

This form of therapy, developed by Aaron Beck, focuses on identifying and changing distorted patterns of thought.

What is cognitive behavioral therapy?

This severe disorder is characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking or speech.

What is schizophrenia?

This class of antidepressant drugs, including fluoxetine, works by increasing the availability of serotonin in the synapse.

What are SSRIs?