AP Biology Review Jeopardy

This type of chemical bond forms when atoms share electrons, as seen in the O-H bonds within a water molecule.

What is a covalent bond?

Water's ability to form multiple weak bonds between its molecules, responsible for surface tension and cohesion, relies on this type of bond.

What is a hydrogen bond?

This class of macromolecules, including cellulose and starch, is built from repeating sugar monomers.

What are carbohydrates?

This type of macromolecule is built from amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds and folds into a functional 3D shape.

What is a protein?

This macromolecule, made of nucleotide monomers, stores genetic information as a sequence of bases.

What is DNA?

This organelle, often called the powerhouse of the cell, converts glucose and oxygen into usable chemical energy.

What is the mitochondrion?

This process converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, occurring in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

What is photosynthesis?

This process breaks down glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.

What is glycolysis?

This molecule is the primary energy currency of the cell, formed by adding a phosphate group to ADP.

What is ATP?

This process uses a proton gradient across a membrane to power the enzyme that synthesizes most of a cell's ATP.

What is chemiosmosis?

This Austrian monk's experiments with pea plants established the basic laws of inheritance.

Who is Gregor Mendel?

This term describes an organism's observable physical traits, as opposed to its underlying genetic makeup.

What is phenotype?

This term describes an organism's actual genetic makeup, including alleles that may not be visibly expressed.

What is genotype?

This diagram uses rows and columns to predict the possible genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

What is a Punnett square?

This pattern of inheritance, seen in traits like human blood type, occurs when both alleles in a heterozygote are fully and separately expressed.

What is codominance?

This process copies a segment of DNA into a complementary strand of messenger RNA.

What is transcription?

This process uses the sequence of messenger RNA to assemble a chain of amino acids at the ribosome.

What is translation?

This three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA codes for a single amino acid or a stop signal.

What is a codon?

This type of mutation occurs when a single nucleotide is inserted or deleted, shifting the reading of every codon that follows it.

What is a frameshift mutation?

This group of genes, first described through work on E. coli, is switched on or off together under the control of a shared promoter and operator.

What is an operon?

This mechanism of evolution, proposed by Charles Darwin, favors individuals whose traits improve their survival and reproduction in a given environment.

What is natural selection?

This term refers to a heritable change in the genetic makeup of a population across successive generations.

What is evolution?

This random change in allele frequency has a stronger effect in small populations and does not depend on whether a trait is beneficial.

What is genetic drift?

This process occurs when populations of a single species become so different, often through geographic isolation, that they can no longer interbreed.

What is speciation?

This type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of a trait's range over those in the middle, potentially splitting a population's distribution.

What is disruptive selection?

This term describes all the individuals of one species living and interbreeding in a given area.

What is a population?

This term describes an organism's specific role and set of interactions within its ecosystem, including what it eats and where it lives.

What is a niche?

This relationship between species, in which one benefits and the other is harmed, describes a tick feeding on a deer.

What is parasitism?

This diagram represents the flow of energy through an ecosystem, with producers at its wide base and top predators at its narrow peak.

What is an energy pyramid?

This gradual, sequential change in a community's species composition following a disturbance is called this when it begins on bare rock with no soil.

What is primary succession?