Leadership and Management Jeopardy

This management theory, developed by Douglas McGregor, contrasts a pessimistic view of workers called Theory X with an optimistic view called this.

What is Theory Y?

This pyramid-shaped model developed by psychologist Abraham Maslow ranks human needs from physiological at the base up to self-actualization at the top.

What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes hygiene factors from these factors, which actively drive job satisfaction, such as achievement and recognition.

What are motivators?

This Japanese term for continuous, incremental improvement became a cornerstone of lean management after being popularized by Toyota.

What is kaizen?

Developed by Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard, this leadership model says managers should adjust their style based on how ready and able a follower is to perform a given task.

What is situational leadership?

This feedback method opens with something positive, delivers a piece of constructive criticism in the middle, then closes on another positive note.

What is the feedback sandwich?

This acronym for a feedback framework stands for Situation, Behavior, Impact.

What is SBI?

This term describes feedback delivered immediately after an event, rather than saved for a scheduled review.

What is real-time feedback?

This coaching question style avoids yes-or-no answers and typically starts with a word like what or how to prompt reflection.

What is an open-ended question?

Developed by Sir John Whitmore, this coaching framework moves through Goal, Reality, Options, and Will.

What is the GROW model?

This management practice means handing off a task to a team member while keeping ultimate responsibility for how it turns out.

What is delegation?

In the RACI framework, this role names the person who actually does the work to complete a task.

What is Responsible?

In the RACI framework, this role names the person with final ownership who answers for a task's outcome.

What is Accountable?

This term describes a failure where a completed task keeps traveling back up to the manager for further decisions, costing them the time delegation was meant to save.

What is upward delegation?

This pitfall happens when a manager hands off a task's duties but continues to control every decision, leaving the employee with responsibility but no real authority.

What is micromanaging?

This South African leader spent 27 years in prison before becoming his country's first democratically elected president in 1994.

Who is Nelson Mandela?

This English wartime prime minister led Britain through World War II and later won the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Who is Winston Churchill?

This American automaker pioneered the moving assembly line and famously paid workers five dollars a day in 1914.

Who is Henry Ford?

This Indian lawyer led a nonviolent independence movement against British rule using strategies of civil disobedience and fasting.

Who is Mahatma Gandhi?

This Fortune 500 CEO led General Electric for two decades starting in 1981 and became known for a strict performance-ranking system nicknamed rank and yank.

Who is Jack Welch?

This meeting agenda section, placed at the very end, gives each attendee ownership of a specific follow-up task.

What are action items?

This short daily meeting used in agile teams typically runs about fifteen minutes, with each person answering three quick questions about their work.

What is a daily standup?

This meeting role keeps discussion on track, manages time, and makes sure every agenda item gets addressed.

What is a facilitator?

This decision-making rule says a meeting should include only the people truly needed, popularized by Amazon's guidance to keep a group small enough to feed with a couple of pizzas.

What is the two-pizza rule?

At Amazon, meetings famously begin with several quiet minutes in which attendees work through a six-page narrative memo instead of watching a slide deck.

What is silent reading?

This basic external reward, such as a bonus or raise, motivates by offering something outside the work itself.

What is extrinsic motivation?

This kind of drive comes from within, fueled by enjoyment or personal satisfaction in the work itself rather than an outside reward.

What is intrinsic motivation?

Daniel Pink's book Drive names autonomy, mastery, and this third factor as the keys to intrinsic motivation.

What is purpose?

This simple management practice of publicly acknowledging an employee's good work costs nothing but is consistently linked to higher morale.

What is recognition?

This term describes the point at which an employee has mentally checked out of their job but has not yet left the company.

What is quiet quitting?